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VALENTINE'S DAY LECTURE III
THE PROOF, A QUICK SUMMARY
Good evening, today is late Sunday evening March 30th, 2009.
This is the third part of the Valentine's Day lecture on the
subject of The Proof.
First we need to summarize where we have been so far and to refresh
our memories of what we are talking about.
So very quickly let's start at the beginning.
OBJECTS AND QUALITY SETS
Objects are states or events in space and time.
Objects have quality sets which describe them.
Anything that has qualities is an object, and all objects have
qualities.
Except of course the Nothing which has an empty quality set!
I can hear a bright little Goober ask "But isn't it then a quality
of the Nothing that it has no qualities?"
We will avoid that Godel jail by asking you to apply understanding
rather than rigor.
GODEL JAIL
Godel jails are philosophical black holes that one falls into by
being a little too bright.
They are also the place we send people who are a little too dumb,
and who suffer from proffering logical absurdities as wisdom.
TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS
Two different objects have two different quality sets, and any
objects with two different quality sets are two different objects.
Since where and when an object exists is part of it's quality set,
a change in position in space or time indicates a new different object.
The parts of you that move in time are a new you from moment to
moment. The parts of you that do not move in time are the same you, as
for them there IS no moment to moment.
Just because everything IN consciousness is made of apparitions of
space and time, doesn't mean that consciousness itself is made of space
and time.
In this case, the TV set (consciousness) is not made of what is
displayed in the TV set screen.
REFERENT AND SYMBOL
A symbol is any object that is used to refer back to another
object.
A referent is any object referred to by a symbol.
Referent and symbol are two different objects with two different
qualities sets.
The symbol of final authority is the last symbol in the
causal chain actually used by the observer to learn about the
referent. The symbol of final authority IS that observer and
the changes that take place in him due to the causal wave.
The RENDITION ZONE is the area in the observer that changes
state due to the causal wave, usually that observers consciousness,
and the RENDITION is the changes that take place in the observers
rendition zone.
The referent is the rendered, the symbol is the rendition.
ONTOLOGICAL STATUS
Ontology is the study of being or existing.
Ontological status is the status of the existingness of an object.
Either something exists or it doesn't.
Since referent and symbol are both objects, both have equal
ontological status, they have a parity of existingness to each other.
Something might be heavier than another, but something can not
exist more than another.
There is no gradient scale of TO BE or TO EXIST.
Thus it is not true that the referent exists or is more actual than
the symbol. Both exist and both are actual.
Both referent and symbol have their own distinct quality sets, both
of which contain 'exists'.
If the symbol did not exist, it would be impossible to get the idea
that the referent existed by studying the symbol.
Thus claiming that the physical universe exists but that our
consciousness doesn't really exist, is ludicrous.
It is the very glaring existence of our consciousness of the
physical universe that gives us the idea that the physical universe
exists also.
Our consciousness, the SYMBOL, certainly exists, so we conclude
rightly or wrongly that the physical universe, the REFERENT, must exist
at least as much as the symbol does.
Existing of the symbol does not imply existence of the referent,
as you could be dreaming, hallucinating or imaginging.
Anything in consciousness is a symbol of the alleged physical
universe. When studied as themselves, conscious experiences are self
symbolizing, self luminious.
MAPPING
Some qualities in the symbol MAP back to qualities in the referent,
so one can glean something about the referent by looking at the symbol.
For example a map of city streets will show the street pattern on
the map which pretty well matches that actual pattern of streets in the
city.
Symbols however will have other qualities that do not map back to
the referent, for example, the map is made of paper, the city isn't.
And the referent will have qualities that are not represented in
some particular symbol, for example Ithaca (the city) has poisonous
air from buses and cars, enough to supply a concentration camp for the
length of a war, and the map doesn't.
COLLAPSING REFERENT AND SYMBOL
Collapsing referent and symbol means to look at a symbol and
consider it IS the referent.
Referents and symbols are two different objects with two different
quality sets.
However those quality sets may overlap in some areas where certain
qualities are common to both.
Both referent and symbol 'exist' for example.
There is also a subset of qualities in the symbol that are mapped
back to OTHER qualities in the referent because of a causal connection
between them.
Thus visual color in our consciousness is mapped back to various
frequencies of light in the referent physical universe.
Mapped qualities are NOT necessarily, and usually are NOT common
qualities of both referent and symbol.
Conscious experiences have color but do not have frequency.
Photons have frequency but do not have color.
Consider a light in the physical universe that emits 5000 Angstroms
of light. In our consciousness we perceive it as red light, but in the
physical universe there is no red, just frequency and wave length.
Color in the conscious symbol maps back to frequency in the
physical referent.
The mapping between color and frequency is arbitrary but
nonetheless causally related.
THE THREE FORMS OF INSANITY
Collapsing symbol and referent leads to three errors, all of which
are forms of insanity.
INSANITY ONE
First, when qualities in the symbol map back to qualities in the
referent, one gets the idea that the referent has the exact same
quality because the symbol has it.
In the above case where conscious color is being used to map back
to physical frequency, when we collapse symbol and referent we
consider that photons are 'red'.
That is a domain error, as redness is not a quality of photons
and CAN NOT be a quality of photons.
DOMAIN ERRORS
A domain error is when a quality is applied to an inappropriate
object that can not have that quality.
For example asking "what is the square root of a dog?" is a domain
error.
Dogs do not have square roots and photons do not have color.
Consider the case of a color coded image of x-ray emissions of the
sun. In this case 'color' in the symbol is mapped to 'frequency' in the
referent in the x-ray range rather than the visible light range.
When referent and symbol are collapsed, one gets the idea that
low frequency x-rays are 'red' and high frequency x-rays are 'violet'.
when in truth the symbolic image has 'red' and 'violet', and the
referent x-rays don't, they have frequency. Confusion between
conscious color and photon frequency is a common result of referent
and symbol collapsation and is a form of insanity.
INSANITY TWO
Second, when there are qualities in the symbol that DO NOT map
back to the referent, one gets the idea that the referent has those
qualities because the symbol has them, which in truth the referent may
not.
Because the conscious experience of 'red' is self luminous, we then
conclude that photons are self luminous too.
Self luminous means not lit by anything else. Lights in a dream do
not light the other objects in the dream.
Symbols are objects in their own sovereign right, and often have
whole ranges of qualities that have nothing to do with the referent at
all, and thus considering that the referent has a quality because the
symbol does is a second form of insanity.
A worst case of this is when someone is hallucinating conscious
experiecnes of little green martians on the street. In this case the
referent doesn't exist at all, although the symbol does. Thus ALL of
the symbols qualities are considered to map back to the referent when
they don't.
Another classic example is because one is capable of perfect
certainty of the symbol (conscious picture), one thinks one is
perfectly certain of the referent (physical universe).
This goes lower south into an inversion where the being thinks he
is certain of the physical universe, but isn't sure he exists as a
conscious unit.
INSANITY THREE
Third, when the referent has qualities that the symbol does not
have, one gets the idea that the referent does not have them either
because the symbol doesn't have them and this is the third kind of
insanity.
Collapsing referent and symbol is always a form of insanity when
it is out of volitional control, because it puts one permanently out
of contact with actuality as it truly is.
THE THREE KINDS OF INSANITY SUMMARIZED
The three kinds of insanity arise from collapsing referent and
symbol, because referent and symbol are two different objects with two
different quality sets, yet collapsation considers they are one and the
same object with only one quality set between them.
The three kinds of insanity are:
1.) considering that because two different qualities in a referent
and symbol are mapped to each other, that they are instead one and the
same quality. Thus 'red' (symbol) means 'frequency' (referent).
2.) considering the referent has qualities that rightly belong only
to the symbol. Thus self luminousness in consciousness (symbol) means
self luminousness in the physical universe (referent).
3.) Considering the referent does not have qualities only because
the symbol does not have them. We don't see x-rays (symbol), therefore
there are no x-rays (referent). Or the city does not have cars and
busses, because the map doesn't show them.
CAUSATION
There is FOLLOWINGNESS.
That means B followed A at least once.
There is DEPENDABLE followingness.
That means B always follows A every time we have observed it.
There is NECESSARY dependable followingness.
That means B MUST follow A because A causes B.
Causation is DEFINED as necessary dependable followingness.
Defining causation as necessity may seem weak, as there may be more
to causation than mere necessity, but necessity is both necessary and
sufficient to causation.
There is causation if and only if there is necessity.
There is necessity if and only if there is causation.
Notice the following relationships.
Necessary dependable followingness implies dependable
followingness.
Dependable followingness does not imply necessary dependable
followingness.
Thus,
Necessity implies dependability.
Dependability does not imply necessity.
Thus,
Cause implies dependability.
Dependability does not imply cause.
In the popular voice we say 'Correlation does not imply causation.'
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The scientific method is the process of science, of coming to know
about the universe around us.
Because some of the alleged universe around us is a universe of
separations in space and time, the physical universe, all that can be
known of the physical universe are qualities of causal relation via
learning by being an effect.
Any quality that does not have a cause and effect relation to us
can not be known by us.
MODELS AND EVIDENCE
The valuable final product of science are models of cause and
effect to account for evidence, i.e. observations which are data
gleaned from symbols about referents.
Thus all models are models of cause and effect.
If something is not cause and effect, science has no interest in
it.
THEORY BALLS
Theories consist of model and evidence.
Evidence is data born of observations.
Observations are data gleaned from symbols about referents, via
learning by being an effect.
Thus the scientific method consists of the following:
Observations -> evidence -> models -> predictions -> observations.
Notice the above process is circular, the end feeds back into the
beginning. New observations lead to corrections of the model, which
lead to new predictions which lead to new observations, which are new
evidence, and around and around we go.
This process refines the model into a complete theory ball.
A complete (round) theory ball obtains when all evidence is
modeled, and all predictions are evidenced (observed).
TRUTH AND CERTAINTY
Truth is a quality of relation between a statement of fact and a
given specified actuality.
Certainty is a quality of relation between a knower of truth, and a
given specified truth.
CERTAINTY AND SCIENTIFIC THEORY
Science can never prove a theory true, but can only prove a theory
false.
Theories may 'stand the test of time', but in the end everything
that lives inside of time is dust in the wind.
Science is interested in what will happen, but can only
observe what did happen.
What did happen does not imply what will happen, thus science is at
a disadvantage.
The reason that science can never prove a theory true is because
all theories are theories of cause and effect, theories of NECESSITY,
and science can never directly observe a necessity, but can only observe
a dependability.
But dependability does not imply necessity.
Thus science can never prove a theory true.
But science CAN observe an UNdependability, which would
immediately imply a lack of necessity and thus that the theory of
necessity was false.
Thus science can prove a theory false with one observation that
denies a dependability.
Science can only observe the weaker (right hand) side of the
equation:
Necessity implies Dependability.
In the presence of dependability there may be necessity (cause),
but this remains forever a theory.
However in the absence of dependability there certainly is no
cause. At least as it was modeled in the theory.
Thus if one observes a dependability there MAY BE cause.
But if one observes an undependability, there CERTAINLY is no
cause.
Since all theories are theories of cause and effect, which model
evidential dependability to theoretical necessity, science can only
prove a theory false and never prove a theory true, depending on
whether it observes dependability or not.
Necessity is an anthropomorphization of directly perceived self
luminous causal agency within the conscious unit.
The miraculousness of that statement will be left for another
time.
ANTHROPOMORPHIZATION
Anthropomorphization is assigning qualites that rightly belong
only to consciousness, to the phyiscal universe. It is insanity
number two, because the symbol has the quality, we believe the
referent must have the quality also.
As such there may in fact be no necessity in the outward physical
universe at all. Just because we see causal agency within our
conscious unit, doesn't mean there is any causal agency between any
two different objects out in the alleged phyiscal universe.
It is possible that what the conscious unit perceives as cause
between things in the physical universe, is actually the cause of the
conscious unit itself being projected out on to the things displayed
IN consciousness (apparitions of space and time) in order to make it
look like there is cause between them directly out there in the
physical universe.
We call this the THIRD PARTY LAW and will get into it later in
detail.
As absurd as the above may sound, there is no *SCIENTIFIC* grounds
to reject the possibility out of hand, AND CAN NEVER BE, as
IT IS IMPOISSLBE TO LEARN WITH PERFECT CERTAINTY ABOUT CAUSATION
BETWEEN REFERENTS BY LOOKING AT CAUSATION BETWEEN SYMBOLS.
IT IS ALSO IMPOSSIBLE TO LEARN WITH PERFECT CERTAINTY IF THE
REFERENT EVEN EXISTS MY LOOKING AT THE EXISTENCE OF THE SYMBOL.
SEEING THE WORLD THROUGH THEORY COLORED GLASSES
People tend to see the world through theory colored glasses.
If they have a theory that says consciousness is a process in a
machine (a brain), and a theorem that says machines can't be certain
of anything, they will conclude that consciousness can't be certain of
anything either, EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE LOOKING DIRECTLY AT A PERFECT
CERTAINTY (any two conscious colors around them, notice the perfect of
their difference and their existence.)
Thus theory, in the hands of incompetent proponents, can obscure
observation and corrupt interpretation.
CAUSAL PATHWAYS
Objects communicate with each other via cause and effect.
That means that some quality in one object causes a change in
state in the quality set of another object.
A CAUSAL PATHWAY is a series of cause and effect events that
propagate out through space and time from an original source.
More broadly we DEFINE referent and symbol as any two objects
that have a causal pathway between them, meaning the symbol's state is
a function of the prior referent's state.
Therefore there has to be a causal pathway between any referent
and any of it's later symbols.
Any two objects which are related to each other by cause and
effect, are referent and symbol to each other.
Any two objects which are referent and symbol to each other, are
related by a causal pathway between them.
If A and B are referent and symbol, then there is a causal pathway
from A to B.
If there is a causal pathway from A to B, then A and B are referent
and symbol.
CAUSAL MESSENGER WAVES.
The procession of changes in state emanating from an original
referent along a causal pathway out into space and time is called a
causal messenger wave.
It is called a WAVE because it moves continuously out into space
and time like a wave, at the speed of cause.
Different kinds of causes can travel at different speeds, but the
maximum speed of cause in the physical universe, is apaprently the
speed of light in a vacuum.
Light is one kind of causal messenger wave.
It is called a MESSENGER wave because the wave of changes that
occur carry data about the nature of the various referents that
originally emanated it and which the wave later encountered and passed
through.
It is called a CAUSAL messenger wave, because it is a wave of
causation traveling through the universe and the data it carries is
data solely about the causal relations between the referents and
symbols that it encounters along the way.
THE REFERENT AND SYMBOL CONTINUUM
Because the causal messenger wave travels along its causal pathway
in a continuous manner, every point in space time along that path
becomes first a symbol to prior referents, and then a referent to later
symbols.
Thus we say that the causal messenger wave creates a referent and
symbol continuum as it propagates through space and time.
Quantum mechanics will want to argue about just how continuous this
continuum really is.
So noted.
We are not arguing against quantum mechanics here, but neither are
we bringing quantum mechanics into the discussion.
ORIGINAL REFERENT AND SYMBOL OF FINAL AUTHORITY
The original referent is the event we wish to learn about.
The symbol of final authority is the event we will study to learn
about the original referent.
Thus a causal pathway is a series of referents and symbols
following each other in space and time starting at the original
referent, and ending at the symbol of final authority.
The symbol of final authority is not necessarily the last symbol in
the causal pathway, most of which never end; it is however the chosen
symbol under scrutiny to learn about the original referent by studying
the state of the symbol.
Any point in a referent and symbol continuum can be assigned as the
original referent we want to know about, or the symbol of final
authority we are going to use to learn from.
Probably the first original referent is at the beginning of time,
and the last symbol of final authority will be at the end of time.
Thus learning can take place between any two points in the referent
and symbol continuum, the earlier point is the original referent and the
later point is the symbol of final authority.
Thus causal messenger waves pass THROUGH original referents and
symbols of final authority, and eventually referent and symbol both
become part of the causal messenger wave's wake.
TRACKING
Tracking means a symbol is under the continuous causal influence of
the referent at all times so that the symbol's state is an ongoing
function of the referent's state albeit delayed in time by the speed of
cause and the distance between referent and symbol.
Tracking ends when the symbol's state is no longer a causal
function of the referent's state.
In this case we say the state of the symbol is no longer tracking
the state of the referent.
DATA CONTENT
A symbol can have many qualities that do not causally map back to
the referent.
DATA is the subset of qualities in the symbol that do causally map
back to the referent and thus represent qualities in the referent.
A symbol can have either high DATA CONTENT or low DATA CONTENT.
A causal pathway is the means by which data propagates from it's
original referent through space and time to an endless series of
symbols.
Each symbol in turn becomes its own referent as it passes on the
causal messenger wave to the next symbol in line. Thus the next symbol
in line is affected by both the many symbols before it and the original
referent.
DATA INTEGRITY
Data integrity is the conformance of the data contained in the
symbol to the original referent. The longer the causal pathway between
referent and symbol, i.e. the greater the number of referent to symbol
'hops', the lower the data integrity.
DATA IMPRINT
A data imprint is the changes in state incurred in a symbol by
virtue of a causal wave originating from a referent.
A data imprint is a rendering in the rendition zone of a symbol,
a rendition of the original referent.
Since every symbol along the way between original referent and the
symbol of final authority adds its own causal influence into the
traveling causal messenger wave, the data imprint on the final symbol
contains data about ALL of the symbols back to the original referent and
even before.
Separating out the data from a given symbol and knowing which prior
referent to apply it to can be daunting.
GEOMETRICIY OR GEOMETRIC CONGRUENCY
The FORM of a symbol's data content can have either high
GEOMETRIC CONGRUENCY or low GEOMETRIC CONGRUENCY to the referent.
Geometric congruency means that the symbol 'looks similar to' the
referent. There is a one to one space and time correspondence between
the referent and the symbol.
Purists will complain that what we really want to call this is
geometric similarity, as congruency demands absolute equality of
geometric form.
So noted.
However for the purposes of this lecture, geometric congruency,
similarity, conformance, and commensurateness mean the same thing.
Notice that data conformance, how well the symbol is tracking the
referent, and geometric confromance, how much the symbol 'looks like'
the referent are related but not quite the same thing. Data conformance
can be very high, but geometric congruency very low, as we shall see.
For example the word COW refers back to a particular kind of
animal. Therefore 'COW' is a symbol.
But the symbol itself has very little data in its structure to
give us a hint as to what it is referring back to. Thus we say it's
DATA CONTENT is low.
And yes the word cow doesn't look at all like a cow so its
geometric congruency is also low.
Notice there must have been a causal pathway between some cow
somewhere and the being who first created the symbol 'cow' or the word
would never have been invented, so 'cow' remains a proper symbol to
the animal in question even if very indirectly causally related to any
cow.
On the other hand a picture of a cow taken by a camera is also a
symbol for the cow, but this symbol has a high degree of data content,
so we can tell much about the referent by looking at the symbol.
The picture of a cow also 'looks like' a cow, thus the data
content contained in the symbol has a high degree of GEOMETRIC
CONGRUENCY with the original referent.
However if we scan the picture into an encrypted data stream of
1's and 0's, that data stream still has high data content about the
cow, but very low geometric congruency indeed.
High data content does not necessarily mean RECOVERABLE data
content. It is possible to have a symbol with high data content, but
non recoverable.
The unix password is the referent and the encrypted password is
the symbol. It is generally not possible to determine the original
password from the encrypted symbol. The data content of the symbol
remains high, uniquely rendering the referent, but the recoverability
remains zero, as intended.
The way passwords work, is the user types in his referent
password, and it is RE ENCRYPTED, and if the new symbol matches the
old symbol, then its a pass.
The reason passwords work, is if you re encrypt the same
password, you will get the same symbol. If there were no data content
left in the symbol, this would not happen.
ACCIDENTAL LEARNING
A symbol can contain data that matches the nature of the
referent, but not BECAUSE the referent causally impinged on the symbol
and imprinted or rendered that data there.
If there is no causal pathway between referent and symbol, any
'data' in the symbol about the referent is unrelated to a causal
connection between them and thus is coincidental.
Thus the symbol's state accidentally describes the referent.
Accidental data conformance can not be counted upon to provide
dependable results, and in fact must not be called LEARNING at all.
Thus we say that learning implies learning by being an effect of
a cause, or by looking at cause directly (self luminous direct
perception). In the absence of cause there can be no learning even if
the symbol is 'right' about the referent.
RELATION BETWEEN DATA CONTENT AND GEOMETRIC CONGRUENCY.
With the above caveat in mind about accidental data conformance,
in general geometric congruency IS one form of data content.
In the popular voice we call geometric congruency HIGH
PICTURENESS, or high picture content. Hieroglyphs of birds that look
like birds and refer are similar to birds have a high data content and
high geometric congruency.
Thus, ignoring instances of accidental data conformance, we can
state:
High geometric congruency implies high data content.
Low data content implies low geometric congruency.
However,
High data content does not necessarily imply high geometric
congruency.
Low geometric congruency does not necessarily imply low data
content.
INTERPRETATION AND RENDITION
Some will tell you that your conscious experience is your brain's
interpretation of the physical universe.
That is ass backwards with emphasis on the word ass.
Your consciousness is your brain's RENDITION of the physical
universe, and the physical universe is your interpretation of what you
see in your consciousness.
Let's get this straight.
The physical universe is the referent.
Your conscious experience is the symbol.
Interpretation is the process of extracting data about a referent
from a symbol.
Oui?
Rendition is the process of encoding data about a referent into a
symbol.
Rendition means encode.
Interpretation means decode.
Referent -> rendition -> symbol.
Referent <- interpretation <- symbol.
From the referent state one renders a symbol state.
From the symbol state, one interprets the referent state.
DO NOT GET THESE BACKWARDS.
Hell doesn't care and will not help you disentangle your
confusions.
COLLAPSING REFERENT AND SYMBOL REVISITED.
If you look up interpretation in a dictionary it will say
rendition.
If you look up rendition it will say interpretation.
Considering that
interpretation = rendition
is the same as considering that
referent = symbol.
This is all three forms of insanity rolled into one.
Those three insanities ARE the fabric of Hell.
There are a lot of dictionaries in hell.
One in the hands of every Medusa running around turning people to
stone.
Fire and Brim Stone, you know.
Omni good work, and Omni Amen.
Some would say these words are inappropriate.
Let me apologize by saying that neither religion nor science are
worthy to breath the ashes of this work.
Let them read and suffer until they have done penance for the
damage they have wrought upon mankind over the millenia.
And when they lived through hell and returned to tell the tale,
then perhaps they may criticize our approach and delivery.
But I assure you, when they return from the bottom of the abyss,
they WILL know the difference between interpretation and rendition.
LEARNING BY BEING AN EFFECT
Learning by being an effect is the process of gleaning data about
the nature of an original referent by BEING a symbol of final
authority.
Notice we say BEING.
If the symbol of final authority is not you yourself, then it is
separate from you, and you can never know about it at all without
looking at a later symbol, thus you need to find a later symbol closer
to you to study.
But 'closer' is never enough, the only way you can ever know
anything by being an effect, is TO BE THE EFFECT! Thus *YOU* become
the symbol of final authority and the changes in your own state become
the data you seek about the referent.
Thus consciousness, as the symbol of final authority, becomes the
final collapser of quantum wave functions. But that is for another
time.
DEPENDABILITY OF TRACKING
The dependability of learning by being an effect depends on the
dependability of tracking between referent and symbol.
In the absence of dependable tracking, in the absence of a
dependable causal pathway between referent and symbol, there can be no
confidence in the data gleaned from the symbol about the referent as
the two will be causally unrelated.
Thus learning by being an effect depends upon a dependable causal
pathway between referent and symbol.
Dependable causal pathways leads to dependable tracking.
VERIFICATION
Verification is the verification of tracking, the verification of
the causal pathway between referent and symbol.
However cause is not sufficient to witness cause. (Jane's law.)
One can perhaps witness dependability, but never necessity
between events in the physical universe.
Dependability and necessity are not the same thing.
Only by witnessing necessity between events could one truly
verify a casual pathway.
Therefore verification of causal pathways can not be done by
using causal pathways.
CAUSAL PATHWAYS CAN NOT BE VERIFIED BY CAUSAL PATHWAYS.
ALL CAUSAL PATHWAYS THROUGH A MULTI DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM FOREVER
REMAIN UNVERIFIED AND THUS REMAIN THEORY, EVIDENCE AND MODEL AT BEST.
Thus an object that is limited to learning by being an effect,
that is by looking at symbols to determine the nature of referents,
can never be certain of its results, neither certain of the nature of
the referent, nor certain that the referent even exists.
Thus we have the third line of The Proof:
3.) LEARNING BY BEING AN EFFECT IMPLIES NOT LEARNING WITH
CERTAINTY.
So now we are in a position to draw a partial conclusion from
lines 2.) and 3.) of The Proof:
2.) DISTANCE AND LEARNING IMPLIES LEARNING BY BEING AN EFFECT.
3.) LEARNING BY BEING AN EFFECT IMPLIES NOT LEARNING WITH
CERTAINTY.
from this we can conclude:
DISTANCE AND LEARNING IMPLIES NOT LEARNING WITH CERTAINTY.
Or to make it easier:
LEARNING WITH CERTAINTY ACROSS A DISTANCE IS IMPOSSIBLE.
OK, let's take a break.
Homer
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